Spanish grammar

Dígitos Cardinales Ordinales 0 cero   1 un(o), una primer(o) 2 dos segundo 3 tres tercer(o) 4 cuatro cuarto 5 cinco quinto 6 seis sexto 7 siete séptimo 8 ocho octavo 9 nueve noveno 10 diez décimo 11 once undécimo 12 doce duodécimo 13 trece decimotercero 14 catorce decimocuarto 15 quince decimoquinto 16 dieciséis decimosexto… Continue reading Numbers

Nominalize is to turn an element of the clause into a noun. The most wide spread way to turn other grammatical categories into a noun is by an article or another determiner. On the other hand, some adjectives maybe nominalized without determiners. Esta película gusta a grandes y pequeños.(= Esta película gusta a los adultos… Continue reading Nominalization

1 . The polysyllabic nouns ending in consonant followed by non stressed vowel add a -s to build the plural: casa, casas; parque, parques, libro, libros; tribu, tribus; banco, bancos, etc. Some nouns recently included in Spanish also follow the rule: babi, babis; casete, casetes; confeti, confetis; ovni, ovnis; penalti, penaltis; poni, ponis, etc. 2… Continue reading Nouns: number of the nouns

Reading a noun is difficult know its gender. There are some guide lines to differentiate them by the ending. Unfortunately, there are as many rules as exceptions. The best advice for the foreign student: when learning a new noun, focus on the genderand link it to a determiner. 1 Are feminine: Most of the nouns… Continue reading Nouns: gender of nouns and names

The superlative relative shows a quality in the highest degree, but within a limit. 1 The superlative relative follows these patterns: El más + adjective + de (of superiority) El menos + adjective + de (of inferiority) Esta chica es la más guapa del pueblo. Esta chica es la menos preparada del grupo. 2 In… Continue reading Relative superlative

To express positive or negative qualities, the adjectives turn into superlative with the suffixe -ísimo. 1 The adjectives ending in consonant, add -ísimo. Especial Especialísimo Veloz Velocísimo Vulgar Vulgarísimo 2 The adjectives ending in vowel, replace this one by -ísimo. Tonto Tontísimo Triste Tristísimo Blando Blandísimo Largo Larguísimo The unstressed diphthongs -ue and -uo lose… Continue reading Absolute superlative: formation of adjectives ending in -ísimo

The absolute superlative shows quality in the highest degree or inthe lowest; i.e. may express superiority or inferiority. 1 The absolute superlative of superiority may be expressed this way: Muy + adjective. Esta chica es muy guapa. Este libro es muy interesante. The suffixes -ísimo, -ísima also maybe added to adjectives. See Absolute superlative: formation… Continue reading Absolute superlative: general

1 The adjectives bueno, malo and grande are shortened buen, mal and gran, respectively, when preceding a masculine noun. Un buen hombre Un hombre bueno Un mal vino Un vino malo Un gran país Un país grande Grande also is shortened before feminine nouns. Una gran amistad When grande follows the noun, it refers to… Continue reading Adjectives: shortened form of some adjectives

1 There are few adjectives used as adverbs: alto, bajo, barato, caro, claro, convencido, decidido, derecho, falso, fuerte, justo, lento, recto, regular, seguido, seguro, etc. No hables tan alto. Habla más bajo. Di más claro lo que tengas que decir. Pagué caro mi error. La abracé fuerte y le di un beso. 2 It is… Continue reading Adjectives in adverbial function

1 The adjective is placed after the noun to limit the meaning of the noun, i.e. to specify it. Los niños inteligentes aprobarán. (= Fools will not pass the exam.) Dame el vestido limpio. (= Do not give me dirty dress.) 2 The adjective precedes the noun to explain it, but not to limit. Los… Continue reading Adjectives: position of the adjective